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Figure 5-35: Photo of the 1.215” OD turbine and nozzle (left) and the 1.471” OD compressor with its diffuser (right). 5.8.1 Test Series Description Four types of tests were performed in the heated but un-recuperated Brayton cycle (Wright, 2009c). The first series of tests measured the leakage rate through the labyrinth seals. The second set of tests recorded the heat up process to illustrate the behavior of the loop as the supercritical conditions are being approached. The heat up process uses a combination of heating only and spinning plus heating to reach the supercritical conditions. During much of the heat up phase the turbomachinery is operating at saturation conditions. Thus on a T-S plot, the operating points appear to be on the liquid-vapor saturation curve (or dome). The third type of test that was performed was a compressor performance mapping test (Noall, 2008 and Wasserbauer, 1975). As described earlier, the heater isolation valve was closed for these tests and the heaters were not operated, except during preheat. The last and fourth test was a near steady- state operation at 78 kW of heater power. A brief description of each of these test results is provided below. 5.8.1.1 Labyrinth Seal Test The labyrinth seal testing showed that the leakage rates with a turbine and a compressor were approximately twice those measured for the compression loop testing alone. The leakage is twice the compressor-only-leakage, because there are two seals. Typical leakage rates were on the order of 0.35 lb/s of flow. One of the tests used a wind-back labyrinth seal design. This leakage data has not been fully analyzed to date. 5.8.1.2 Preheat Testing The second test sequence consisted of the preheat phase and the approach to the critical point. The preheating data can be broken into two phases, heating without spinning and heating with spinning. With no spinning all the pressures in the loop are the same, but the densities can change based on the local temperature. Generally the coldest temperature in the chiller an on a T-S diagram this point is on the 84PDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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