Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle

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Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle ( operation-and-analysis-supercritical-co2-brayton-cycle )

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confirm the analysis that is provided here. A more complete and thorough energy balance still needs to be applied, but for the present it appears that except for losses (windage, bearing friction, pump-out vane losses, electrical, magnetic, thermal heat losses) the TAC appeared to be approaching break-even operating conditions. Future testing will increase the heater power to 260 kW, at which time we hope to more clearly identify the break-even operating point for this very small turbine. The turbine that we are using was only meant to provide some turbo assist and was not designed to produce power in this loop. It is also important to get the loop operating with gas foil bearings as they will be needed to truly reach steady-state conditions. A few other observations are important to make. First, the loop operates very much like the small low pressure closed Brayton loop that Sandia has been operating for the past 3 years (Wright, 2006). One observation is that as the shaft speed increases the high pressure leg increases while the low pressure leg decreases (see Figure 5-38). The magnitude of the pressure rise is controlled by the ratio of volumes in the low pressure and high pressure leg’s of the loop and the fill inventory. Also we observe that as the loop heats, all the pressures increase. Probably the most striking observation is that because of the high power density and low mass of the system, the loop can change temperatures and pressures very rapidly. For example, in these tests the structure and gas temperatures in the loop essentially found new equilibrium temperatures in 1-2 minutes at 50% speed and at 10% power. Therefore, at full speed and full power the new equilibrium values will be observed in just 10-15 seconds. Thus the S-CO2 Brayton loop has a very rapid time response. 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 11960 11980 -50 12000 12020 Time(s) 12040 12060 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 12080 0 Heater and Gas Chiller Power CBC_090217_1426 Heater Pwr (kW) Chiller Pwr (kW) Htr-Chill Pwr (kW) T-(C+W+F) Meas TAC Pwr (kW) RPM1 Figure 5-41: Estimate of power removed from the heater (magenta) and lost in the gas chiller assuming constant flow around the loop. 89 Heater and Chiller Power (kW) rpm

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