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OPTIMISING THERMAL ENERGY RECOVERY

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OPTIMISING THERMAL ENERGY RECOVERY ( optimising-thermal-energy-recovery )

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Dai et al. (2009) found from their work on parametric optimization and comparative study of ORC for low-grade waste heat recovery that it does not always hold that an increase in the turbine inlet temperature will produce a corresponding increase in the turbine power output, especially with working fluids with a non-negative saturation vapour curve (i.e. isentropic and dry fluids). Lemort et al. (2009) developed and validated a model of a scroll expander integrated into an ORC system. They suggested that displacement type machines such as scroll expanders are more appropriate for small-scale ORC units because they are characterized by lower flow rates, higher pressure ratios and much lower rotational speeds than turbo-machines. Desai and Bandyopadhyay (2009) performed a process integration study of both basic and modified ORC using 16 different organic fluids. They concluded that dry fluids are the most preferred working medium for the ORC system, which utilizes low-grade heat sources. Their reason for selecting dry fluids was that they show high thermal efficiency and their post- expansion state is always superheated, thus enabling regeneration to improve thermal efficiency. They also found that the thermal efficiency of the ORC system can be improved significantly by simultaneous regeneration and turbine bleeding. They noted that the presence of non-condensable components in the working fluid such as air can pose technical problems related to heat transfer, and this can significantly have an adverse effect on the thermodynamic efficiency of the process. 34

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