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electrical energy from the ORC can be used to power the HPP in order to achieve wastewater desalination in a food processing plant. Some research has been done on the use of ORC systems to drive RO desalination systems, a few of which are presented below: Manolakos et al. (2009) evaluated the performance of a small scale, low- temperature ORC system coupled with an RO desalination unit in a laboratory-scale experiment. They concluded that ORC could be effectively used to exploit low-temperature thermal sources (in the range of 40 to 70oC) for the desalination of sea or brackish water through the RO process. Kosmadakis et al. (2009) designed a two-stage ORC system for RO desalination process, using R245fa for the top cycle and R134a for the bottom cycle, and concluded that a two-stage ORC could be used efficiently to recuperate heat and produce fresh water. Figure 2−9 shows the plant investigated by the author during a research visit to the Agricultural University of Athens. The plant, which is in a pilot scale, makes use of a solar-powered ORC unit to drive a RO desalination unit for water purification. 2.1.2.4 Concluding Remarks From the review, it can be concluded that water purification using an ORC- driven RO desalination system is a low-energy process and is also economically viable. Hence, waste heat can be used to drive an ORC system which can be used either for power generation or water purification, depending on the most pressing need of the plant under investigation. Thus, 61PDF Image | OPTIMISING THERMAL ENERGY RECOVERY
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