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especially referring to article 8.74 and article 145: compulsory energy audits and supported waste heat recovery for power generation system, whenever the ones are technically and economically workable, could catalyze investment in the energy efficiency market, helping to reach the objective of 20% reduction in energy consumption. The figure 4 depicts the priority in the utilization of waste heat recovery. Moreover during the energy audit, special attention should be placed in the gas cooling - often compulsory before the waste gas treatment - because it is possible to put heat exchanger(s) and a Rankine cycle, instead of adding air to cool down. In this way the electricity consumption of the waste treatment can be covered. Figure 4: Waste heat recovery priority Secondly, the economic obstacle is a key issue: investment payback time for the implementation of technologies related to WHR to electricity generation are usually too long for the industrial sector, for this reason the creation of ad hoc incentives mechanism or the inclusion in existing supporting schemes (e.g. white certificates) could help in overtaking this barrier. Considering the role played by the energy intensive industries in the overall energy consumption, the European Union should increase a specific provision to finance investments in WHRPG, as it mentioned in European Investment Bank (EIB) Energy Lending Criteria6. Last but not least, it is necessary to increase the awareness - through an intensive dissemination campaign, a proper education and training path - of the energy efficiency potential of the waste heat recovery system in the industrialists’ mind as a solution to raise investments, to create jobs and to boost sustainability. The widespread ORC systems are proved reliable in the biomass and geothermal applications, but they are still uncommon in the industry. The above mentioned proposals could foster the technology as an energy efficiency measure, repeating the positive results already obtained with biomass and geothermal. 4 Directive 2012/27/UE, article 8.7: “Energy audits may stand alone or be part of a broader environmental audit. Member States may require that an assessment of the technical and economic feasibility of connection to an existing or planned district heating or cooling network shall be part of the energy audit. Without prejudice to Union State aid law, Member States may implement incentive and support schemes for the implementation of recommendations from energy audits and similar measures”. 5 Directive 2012/27/UE, article 14.5 lett. c: “an industrial installation with a total thermal input exceeding 20 MW generating waste heat at a useful temperature level is planned or substantially refurbished, in order to assess the cost and benefits of utilizing the waste heat to satisfy economically justified demand, including through cogeneration, and of the connection of that installation to a district heating and cooling network”. 6 European Investment Bank, EIB Energy Lending Criteria, p. 33, 2013 Legend: DHW: Domestic Hot Water ORC: Organic Rankine Cycle 10PDF Image | ORC WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN EUROPEAN ENERGY
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