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brief list of fluids that have been used or proposed for use in Rankine cycles: • Toluene • Xylene • n-pentane • n-butane • R-11,R-22 • R-248fa Organic Rankine Cycles are not new technology. They have been used in large numbers for various purposes since the first-half of the 20th century, nearly as long as the steam Rankine cycle [Curran, 1981]. Interest in ORCs as a means for converting solar radiation into useful work is a more recent development. Several small demonstration plants were built and successfully operated in the early 1980’s [Fenton, 1984 & Larson, 1987]. After the success of high-temperature steam Rankine cycle solar powerplants (SEGS [Cable, 1998]) the ORC related publication rate in the solar community waned and most ORC research was performed by the geothermal and waste heat recovery communities. A recent resurgence of interest in ORCs as a viable option for small-scale solar electricity generation has been spurred by the construction of the 1 MW APS Saguaro parabolic trough ORC powerplant. The following sections will offer a general technical background for organic Rankine cycles. In many cases organic fluids will be considered in contrast to steam because it is precisely the differences between steam and organic fluids that make ORCs useful. In section 2.2.1 a description of the cycle configuration of most commercially available ORCs is provided as a point of reference for further discussions. Section 2.2.2 examines the fundamental thermodynamic differences between water and organic fluids for power cycle applications. Section 2.2.3 will show the factors that are involved in selecting an appropriate organic fluid for ORC applications. Section 2.2.4 details the significance of superheating organic working fluids in cycle design. Section 2.2.5 offers an analysis of the effect of system operating pressures. Observations made in this chapter will establish boundaries and ground rules for analyses and studies performed later in this thesis. 5PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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