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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants

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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants ( organic-rankine-cycle-solar-thermal-powerplants )

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8 temperature (200-400oC). This behavior is best observed by examining turbine expansion in this temperature regime. Figure 2.3 shows a T-s diagram for water with two isobaric heat additions to 300oC followed by isentropic expansions. In the absence of superheat the isentropic expansion of water results in a relatively low-quality two-phase mixture (<80%). A low quality flow through a turbine is unacceptable as it can result in significant equipment damage. Design practice for steam Rankine cycles dictates reheated and superheated cycles to avoid low-quality flow through the turbine. There are other means to mitigate low- quality flow, such as mechanical separation of the liquid and vapor at intermediate expansion stages, but they are complex and expensive. Referring again to Figure 2.3, the preferred cycle would be the dashed line which boils at a lower pressure and superheats to the desired temperature resulting in a higher quality turbine exhaust. This cycle ensures high quality flow through the turbine. Figure 2.3: T-S Diagram for water showing results of performing an isentropic expansion for a single temperature and different pressures Organic fluids show a much different behavior than that seen with water in the T-s plane. Toluene, as seen in Figure 2.4 has a vapor saturation curve with a positive slope in the T- s plane. Figure 2.4 shows an isentropic expansion from a saturated vapor state resulting in a superheated vapor, rather than the two-phase mixture seen with water. The positive slope of toluene’s saturated vapor line (shared with most other candidate working fluids)

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