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eliminates the possibility of low-quality turbine flows and the associated complications to cycle design. The increasing degree of superheat with expansion also creates an opportunity for energy recovery not present in a steam Rankine cycle. Organic fluids like toluene exit the turbine at the condensing pressure but at a temperature higher than the condensing temperature. The available energy in this superheated turbine exhaust can be recovered, in part, with a recuperator used to preheat the working fluid on its way to the boiler, as seen in section 2.2.1. Figure 2.4: T-S Diagram for toluene (a typical organic working fluid) showing results of performing an isentropic expansion for a single temperature and different pressures The vapor saturation curve behavior seen in organic fluids and water is described in the literature as wetting and drying [Curran, 1981, Hung, 1997]. Water is a wetting fluid because its vapor saturation curve has a negative slope (δT/δs < 0), resulting in a two- phase mixture upon isentropic expansion. Most organic fluids show, to varying degrees, drying behavior resulting in a superheated vapor upon isentropic expansion. The degree to which organic fluids are drying is generally related to their molecular weight (or molecular complexity) as shown in Figure 2.5. It is the drying behavior of organic working fluids that make them superior to water for the utilization of low-temperature thermal resource (solar, geothermal, waste-heat recovery). 9PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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