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smaller expansion pressure ratios (inlet/outlet). Simplified turbine design is then another advantage associated with high condensing pressures. 2.2.3 Organic Working Fluid Selection With some of the general differences between water and organic fluids established, it is possible to examine the properties that drive organic fluid selection for particular applications. There are a number of practical issues that take precedence over thermodynamic considerations, including: thermal stability, toxicity, flammability and cost. Any of these can eliminate a fluid from contention regardless of its thermodynamic merit. Thermal stability and thermodynamic considerations are discussed here. The others are indirectly considered by examining only working fluids with a history of successful use in ORC applications. Thermal Stability The purpose of this research is to investigate organic Rankine cycles for power generation, so high operating temperatures are a priority. Thermal stability at elevated temperature is thus a principle consideration in working fluid selection. The high temperature thermal resource range considered is 300oC-400oC. This range is chosen because it is the approximate range in which the current parabolic trough concentrating collectors are designed to operate. The thermal resource temperature refers to the maximum temperature in the solar field, not necessarily in the power cycle. 300oC- 400oC is well above the operating limit for most organic fluids, narrowing the field of candidate fluids considerably. Cold temperature resources ranging from 15oC-40oC will be considered, depending on the cooling technique that is employed. A recent study was performed showing straight-chain alkanes, in particular n-pentane, possess good thermal stability at 315oC [Andersen, 2005]. Toluene also performed well at 315oC. These published results are consistent with current design practice which favors n-pentane and toluene [Larsen, 1987, Price, 2006]. As a result of these studies and 11PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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