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14 2.2.4 The Impact of Superheat on ORC Performance A large degree of superheat is employed in traditional steam Rankine plants for several reasons. The first is to prevent low-quality steam from being sent through the turbine as discussed in section 2.2.2. The second reason is thermodynamic. First-Law thermodynamic efficiency in a steam Rankine cycle increases as the degree of superheat increases at a fixed pressure (increasing temperature), where the degree of superheat is defined as: Tsh = T [2.2.1] Tsat p The increase in efficiency is most often explained using the Carnot analogy whereby increasing the average temperature of heat addition the cycle efficiency is increased. This behavior can be related to the shape of constant pressure lines in the h-s plane. Constant pressure lines diverge for all fluids in the superheat regime. It is the rate at which these lines diverge that determines the impact of cycle efficiency. For a given incremental increase in the degree of superheat from some reference state (in general this would be the saturated vapor state) an incremental efficiency can be defined as the ratio of incremental work and heat, shown in equation [2.2.2] and Figure 2.8. In order for the cycle efficiency to increase with the degree of superheat at a particular temperature, the incremental efficiency must be greater than the efficiency at the reference state. Figure 2.8: Enthalpy-Entropy diagram for water to aid development of equation [2.2.2].PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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