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16 The observation that organic Rankine cycle efficiency can degrade as the degree of superheat increases emphasizes the importance of energy recovery in ORC design. Efforts to increase the average temperature of heat addition must always be considered along with energy recovery in order to optimize cycle efficiency. 2.2.5 The impact of turbine inlet pressure on ORC performance Most thermodynamic texts will show that steam Rankine cycle efficiency shows a small, but positive improvement with increased turbine inlet pressure. The relationship between turbine inlet pressure and cycle efficiency is more complicated for organic Rankine cycles as the presence of recuperation can upset the trend seen with traditional Rankine cycles. In order to characterize the relationship between turbine inlet pressure and cycle efficiency for ORCs a series of analyses were performed. The test case is an ORC using toluene as the working fluid operating between 360oC and 40oC thermal boundary conditions with an isentropic pump and turbine as well as a recuperator of defined effectiveness. The general shape of this cycle at three discrete pressures with a 90% effective recuperator was examined. Figures 2.10 and 2.11 show T-s and h-s diagrams for this cycle. Note 7500 kPa is supercritical for toluene. In general, as turbine inlet pressure increases at constant temperature, turbine inlet enthalpy and turbine exit enthalpy decrease. At lower pressures the amount of heat addition to the power cycle increases while the amount of recoverable heat in the turbine exhaust also increases. To see the effect of turbine inlet pressure on turbine work it is helpful to refer to Figure 2.12 which is a zoomed-in view of the expansion shown in Figure 2.11. Here it can be seen that, over the range of pressures, turbine work per unit mass goes through a maximum. For toluence, this maximum occurs at 3700 kPa.PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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