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2.3 Summary and conclusions Rankine cycles using organic working fluids have some distinct practical and thermodynamic advantages over steam for applications that depend on low-moderate temperature thermal resources or demand simplicity. In general organic working fluids display a drying behavior which results in a superheated turbine exhaust rather than the two-phase mixture common with steam. This dramatically simplifies cycle design at low temperature. A further simplification to cycle design is afforded by the relatively small turbine pressure ratios (working fluid dependent). Small pressure ratios and the high saturation densities of candidate organic working fluids simplify turbine design. High temperature thermal stability is a principle consideration when selecting an organic working fluid for power generation. Identifying the approximate condensing pressure for an organic Rankine cycle design is of particular importance, as a sub-atmospheric condensing pressure requires added maintenance. The addition of superheat at constant pressure expectedly increases steam cycle performance. However, in the absence of recuperation the addition of superheat can lead to a decrease in organic Rankine cycle efficiency. The relationship between superheat and efficiency is an important organic Rankine cycle design consideration. Steam cycles show a diminishing benefit to cycle efficiency with the increase of turbine inlet pressure. In organic Rankine cycles this relationship is complicated by the presence of a recuperator showing that for ORCs an optimal boiler pressure does exist. Understanding the fundamental thermodynamic distinctions between steam and organic fluids can help inform the intelligent design of simple powerplants for the utilization of low-moderate temperature thermal resources. 21PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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