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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants

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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants ( organic-rankine-cycle-solar-thermal-powerplants )

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Figure 4.17: T-S Diagram for a turbine-reheat ORC with Toluene as the working fluid and operating temperatures approximating those in the SEGS VI plant. Due to the impractically strong sensitivity to recuperator pressure drop observed with the reference configuration using n-octane and n-dodecane, only toluene is considered in the reheat case. As seen in section 4.2.3 the turbine inlet pressure for both turbines was chosen such that an optimum efficiency was achieved, with values shown in Figure 4.17. The toluene turbine-reheat cycle achieved a gross efficiency of 38.8% and a net efficiency of 37.7%, besting SEGS VI in both categories. The addition of turbine-reheat improved toluene energy density to 50 kJ/m3, roughly equivalent to the SEGS VI value. 4.3.3 Summary and Conclusions Aggressive recuperation of superheated turbine exhaust gases make it theoretically possible for organic Rankine cycles to match the efficiency seen in traditional steam cycles operating between the same thermal boundary conditions. Based on efficiency, sensitivity to recuperator pressure drop and established thermal stability toluene is the clear favorite organic working fluid for realistic power generation in the 350-400oC temperature range. A theoretical toluene cycle can nearly match the predicted performance of SEGS VI in the reference configuration and exceed it with the 61

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