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64 5.2 A General Powerplant Optimization Framework Equation Chapter 5 Section 2 5.2.1 Finite-Time Thermodynamic Analysis Finite-time thermodynamics is a method of analysis that couples power-cycle thermodynamics with realistic heat transfer rates [Curzon & Ahlborn, 1975]. It provides a useful framework for considering the relationship between capital investment (heat exchanger size and performance, thermal resource) and power cycle performance. It is important to mention before the analysis is presented, that finite-time thermodynamics is being employed as a conceptual framework. It is derived for cases which are wholly disconnected from the engineering realities of powerplant operation. In spite of this fact, it is of great conceptual value as it identifies in a very general way, the relationship between powerplant size, investment and performance. There has been a substantial debate in the literature over finite-time thermodynamics, most of it over- stating or under-stating its real usefulness [Chen, 2001 & Gyftopoulos, 2002]. It is herein acknowledged that the results of the finite-time analysis may not be an accurate reflection of reality but a none-the-less important tool for understanding powerplant optimization. In this section several finite-time analyses are presented to serve as a framework for a discussion of powerplant optimization. The first is an idealized analytical study of a Carnot cycle operating between constant-temperature thermal reservoirs. This is the “original” finite-time analysis that has been famously derived by a number of individuals [Chambadal, 1958, Novikov, 1958, Curzon, Ahlborn, 1975]. The Carnot cycle analysis is extended to real power cycles by considering a reversible Rankine cycle operating between finite thermal resources. To round out the discussion of finite-time thermodynamics, an “ideal” cycle for extracting power from finite thermal resources is presented and analyzed from a finite-time perspective to establish an upper-bound on power production from a resource of finite capacitance-rate.PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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