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A Rankine cycle requires that the working fluid (steam is considered in this case) go through a phase change. The liquid-vapor phase change results in a highly varying working fluid capacitance rate, as seen in Figure 5.3. In order to accommodate this variation, the “hot” side of the Rankine cycle is considered as three separate heat transfer processes: preheating, evaporation and superheating. During each of these processes working fluid capacitance rate is approximately constant enabling each heat transfer process to be described using an effectiveness-NTU technique [Incropera, 2002]. Total Rankine cycle heat addition can then be expressed as: [5.2.11] [5.2.12] [5.2.13] & QL = m&LCL (TL,out −TL,in ) [5.2.14] & QH =m&ST(h3−h4) [5.2.15] Cycle power production and efficiency are again constrained with equations [5.2.5] and [5.2.1]. The Rankine cycle model results in a set of equations with two free parameters. In varying these parameters to maximize power production, the Rankine cycle shows behavior similar to the Carnot cycle. Rankine cycle behavior in the power-efficiency plane is shown in Figure 5.4. The efficiency at which maximum power is achieved for the Rankine cycle departs slightly from the CNCA efficiency, due most likely to the more complicated shape of the Rankine cycle as compared to the Carnot cycle or the cycles considered by Leff (1987). &&&& QH = Qpreheat + Qevaporation + Qsuperheat & QH =m&HCH(TH,in−TH,out) & Q =m& (h −h) H ST 2 1 The subscript ST refers to steam, the Rankine cycle working fluid and h is the specific enthalpy at a given state. To maintain the heat exchanger conductance constraint, the sum of the conductance in all three heat addition processes must equal α. Rankine cycle heat rejection is similarly expressed: 69PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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