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above the maximum power efficiency for a traditional power cycle (that is, sacrificing output for efficiency). If the investment in UA were made to operate at point B it would be preferable to reallocate the heat exchanger areas so that the cycle operated at point B ́, generating more power from the same UA investment. While points A and B’ represent the optimum operating points for their respective levels of UA investment, it is fuel cost that dictates the optimum level of UA investment. As fuel cost increases, the incentive to invest in more UA and extract more power from the purchased fuel increases. Alternatively, increasing UA investment can generate the same power from less fuel. The presence of internal irreversibilities, restrictions on thermal resource exhaust temperatures and equipment operating limits place additional boundary conditions on powerplant performance. These more complicated boundary conditions cause the optimum cycle efficiency of real plants to diverge from the CNCA and MP efficiencies (in most cases well below), but the basic behavior is unchanged and it is still the identification of maximum power operation (and fuel cost) for a given set of operating conditions that drives optimization of a traditional powerplant. 5.2.3 Optimizing Parabolic Trough Solar-Thermal Powerplants Solar-thermal powerplants are distinct from traditional powerplants in that there are two major components to the total capital cost: the power cycle and the solar field. That is, rather than a recurring fuel cost, the “fuel” for a solar-thermal powerplant is principally a capital cost reflected in the solar field. In addition, the performance of the solar field is coupled to the performance of the power cycle – the thermal resource is no longer independent of power cycle operation as it was in the traditional case. The outlet of the power cycle is the inlet to the solar field, and the outlet of the solar field is the inlet to the power cycle. A finite-time analysis of a solar-thermal powerplant must consider this distinction. The treatment of the power cycle component of a solar-thermal powerplants is identical to the treatment presented for traditional powerplants; powerplant behavior does not 73PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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