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76 Following the same logic presented for the traditional powerplant, that is identifying the operating point that generates maximum power for a given capital investment, the optimum operating point for a solar-thermal powerplant is indicated by the maximum power point for a line of total system (combined solar field and power cycle) cost. Or alternatively, the optimal configuration is one that requires the minimum investment in order to achieve a desired power output. Unlike the traditional case, there is no recurring fuel cost to complicate optimization, so these maximum power points reflect true optimums for the defined operating conditions. Figure 5.8 shows that the solar field contribution to total system cost has shifted maximum power per unit capital investment away from the CNCA efficiency and towards the Carnot efficiency. The precise location of this maximum power point is determined by the functions that govern power cycle and solar field cost. Note that as power increases, optimum power cycle operating efficiency approaches the CNCA efficiency. This is due to the fact that as power output becomes large, gains in efficiency require proportionately greater amounts of UA. The diminishing return on UA investment at high operating power outputs encourages lower operating efficiencies and correspondingly larger solar fields. 5.2.4 An Optimization Methodology for Solar-Thermal Powerplants In order to formulate an objective function for optimizing PTSPs, parameters that capture both the plant’s thermodynamic performance and associated economic costs must be identified. The principle considerations in PTSP investment are the solar field and power cycle. For capital optimization it is necessary to quantify the costs of both these system components as functions of the quantities that characterize their thermodynamic performance. These parameters are chosen as the solar field collector area, ASF, total power cycle heat exchanger area, APC, and power cycle output, W. Projections of near-term parabolic trough steam Rankine cycle plant cost developed by SunLab [Sargent & Lundy, 2003] are used to create cost functions for the solar field and power cycle. These cost functions are used here only to capture the basic scaling of solarPDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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