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6.2. Background and Literature Review Most energy storage systems proposed for solar electricity generation systems seek to accomplish one of three tasks: 1. Compensate for the normal diurnal variation in solar radiation 2. Shift electricity output to match the utility peak period 3. Extend powerplant operation past sunset Many different energy storage concepts have been proposed. Energy can be stored readily in many forms: kinetic, potential, electric, thermal and chemical. Thermal energy storage is the most common choice for solar-thermal power generation. In solar- thermal power generation solar radiation is captured as thermal energy in a heat transfer fluid before conversion to electricity. Using thermal energy storage in solar-thermal applications prevents conversion losses associated with using another form of energy storage as well as eliminating added system complexity. Of the thermal storage concepts, sensible (vs. phase-change or chemical reaction) thermal energy storage is accepted as the near-term option for parabolic trough solar powerplants [Herrmann, 2002]. The storage systems of principle interest in this category are two-tank storage, single-tank stratified (thermocline) storage and concrete (packed bed) storage. When thermal storage systems are discussed herein, direct indicates the solar field heat transfer fluid is also used as the storage medium. In an indirect storage system the solar field heat transfer fluid is separated from the storage medium via a heat exchanger. Direct storage systems eliminate losses associated with the heat exchanger used in indirect systems. However, some solar field heat transfer fluids have pressurization requirements that would make direct storage systems prohibitively expensive. In addition, indirect systems have the added design flexibility of using different fluids in the solar field and storage system. 89PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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