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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants

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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants ( organic-rankine-cycle-solar-thermal-powerplants )

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(in which density typically decreases with temperature). Careful tank design will minimize macroscopic mixing allowing hot and cold fluid to naturally stratify – with hot fluid “floating” on top of the cold fluid. (a) (b) Figure 6.2: Stratified (Thermocline) energy storage systems, (a) Direct and (b) Indirect. The thermocline is exploited as a storage system by drawing from or adding to the high temperature side of the tank. If designed properly, such that fluid stratification is maximized, stratified storage offers similar performance to a 2-tank system. When charging, cold fluid is drawn from the bottom of the tank and circulated through the solar field for heating then added to the top of the tank. During discharging, the stored hot fluid is drawn from the top of the tank and cooled through the power cycle then returned to the bottom of the tank. Figure 6.2 shows both direct and indirect flows for a single tank stratified thermal storage system. The stratified thermal energy storage concept can be augmented by adding a solid storage medium to the storage tank. The purpose of the solid medium is to maintain thermal mass while reducing the required fluid volume for a given storage capacity. A temperature gradient forms in the solid as well as the liquid so the fundamental behavior of the system is similar. Concrete Concrete, or packed-bed, storage is essentially the same as the stratified storage tank with added filler material. Figure 6.3 shows how a proposed concrete storage unit would be coupled to the solar field and power cycle. Two versions of this storage system have 91

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