Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants

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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants ( organic-rankine-cycle-solar-thermal-powerplants )

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92 been proposed. The first utilizes a packed “bed” of rocks, sand or some other filler material. The second, and more recently proposed [Tamme, 2004], involves configuring a series of horizontal concrete tubes through which the storage fluid would flow. The packed bed offers lower capital cost, while the second offers a smaller pressure drop and thus reduced parasitic pumping load. (a) (b) Figure 6.3: Packed-Bed energy storage concepts, (a) direct (potentially pressurized) caste concrete tubes for use with solar field fluid, and (b) indirect rock bed for use with a molten salt 6.2.2 Research Progress Two-tank and stratified storage tank designs are the two technologies that have been implemented in high-temperature large-scale solar electricity generation plants. Direct two-tank systems were used in both the SEGS I and Solar Two plants [Herrmann, 2004]. The SEGS I system used a mineral oil and the Solar Two system used molten salt both in the receiver and for storage. The Solar One plant had an indirect single-tank stratified storage system using rock and sand as a filler material [Faas, 1986]. All three of these large-scale systems operated as expected, proving the fundamental feasibility of the two- tank and packed-bed stratified storage concepts [Herrmann, 2004]. Indirect systems are currently being proposed to overcome problems associated with the synthetic heat transfer oils used in the most modern SEGS plants. TherminolTMVP-1 and similar high-temperature heat transfer fluids have relatively high vapor pressures at required operating temperatures. As a result storage tanks require pressurization (~1700 kPa) which dramatically increases storage tank cost and complexity. As a result, systems

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