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using TherminolTMVP-1 or a similar synthetic heat transfer oil in the solar field generally require an indirect system for tank storage concepts. Molten salts are the current class of fluids most commonly considered as the indirect storage medium. Molten salts offer the advantages of a much lower vapor pressure and are significantly less expensive than TherminolTMVP-1, but they have the disadvantage of high freezing temperatures (100oC-220oC) [Herrmann, 2004]. Freezing is a design issue that must be considered with salts. Using molten salts as the parabolic trough solar field heat transfer fluid in addition to the storage medium has also been proposed [Kearney, 2003], but all current parabolic trough plants use oil in the solar field. If molten salts were used in this way, all of the indirect storage concepts discussed here could be made direct. Table 6.1 shows a list of commonly considered liquid storage media. Table 6.1 Liquid Storage Media* Liquid Media Mineral Oil Synthetic Oil Silicone Oil Nitrite Salts Nitrate Salts Carbonate Salts Liquid Sodium *Hermann, 2004 Min Temp [oC] - - - 250 265 450 270 Thermal Specific Max Temp Density Conductivity Heat [oC] [kg/m3] [W/m-K] [kJ/kg-K] 300 770 0.12 2.6 350 900 0.11 2.3 400 900 0.1 2.1 450 1825 0.57 1.5 565 1870 0.52 1.6 850 2100 2.0 1.8 530 850 71 1.3 93 Molten salts are the only currently available and realistic option for use as both a storage medium and solar field fluid. There is an effort, still in its early stages, to develop a high- temperature, low vapor pressure, low melting point heat transfer fluid that would eliminate the weaknesses of both the synthetic oils and molten salts. The current focus is on ‘room temperature ionic liquids’ [Moens, et al, 2003]. The indirect two-tank system is considered by some to be the most promising near-term candidate for parabolic trough plant thermal storage [Herrmann, 2002]. However, Pacheco [Pacheco et al, 2002] has suggested using a filler material in an indirect single-PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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