Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants

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Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants ( organic-rankine-cycle-solar-thermal-powerplants )

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94 tank thermocline would be 35% less expensive than an indirect two-tank system. This proposal was followed up with work by Brosseau, et al. [2005] showing that quartzite rock and silica sand offer an inexpensive filler material which was shown not to deteriorate from prolonged exposure to the molten salt environment. In addition, quartzite has a higher thermal conductivity than most other rocks making it an even more attractive candidate [Incropera, 2002]. Tamme [2004] has suggested concrete tubes as a direct storage medium. This alternative eliminates the heat exchanger necessary for an indirect molten salt rock bed storage system, which would improve storage system performance and reduce cost. However, it adds the cost of an organized rather than randomly packed bed. In addition, some questions have been raised about the long-term structural stability of the caste concrete structures following multiple thermal cycles [Tamme, 2004]. Phase-change materials (PCMs) have been investigated as a storage medium for parabolic trough powerplants. The most current conceptual PCM work for parabolic troughs was performed in by Michels in 1996 [Hermann, 2002]. He suggested that a 5- stage cascade of PCMs (nitrates) operating at different temperatures showed promise as the predicted capital cost was lower and storage density higher than sensible storage of equivalent capacity. However, Hermann concludes that although further research in this area could prove “rewarding,” that the technology is not sufficiently mature for PCMs to be considered as a near-term, large-scale thermal storage option for parabolic trough solar powerplants [2002]. Chemical reaction energy storage has also been considered as a low-cost storage system for use with parabolic trough systems. Systems based on a reaction between CaO and H2O as well as ammonia dissociation have been considered. Similar to PCM storage it is generally considered as a long-term option and not yet ready for large-scale application [Hermann, 2002].

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