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100 6.3.2 General System Performance The Schmuann equations presented in section 6.3.1 have general applicability to packed- bed heat transfer problems. It is useful to introduce a “test case” in order to provide a realistic framework for the thermal energy storage systems being considered. The packed-bed stratified tank test conditions are based on the system built for Solar One consisting of CaloriaTM HT-43 heat transfer oil and a rock-sand packing material [Faas, 1986]. Approximate system parameters are listed in Table 6.2. Note that the bed material is treated as spheres with average diameter dp. The fluid-solid heat transfer coefficient, h, is calculated using a correlation developed by Ranz and Marshall [Rohsenow, 1998]. Nu = 2+1.8Re 1/2 Pr1/3 [6.3.12] pp where Rep and Nup are defined in terms of the particle diameter and axial fluid velocity (fluid velocity within the packed bed). This correlation was developed for a multi- particle system incorporating heat transfer enhancement related to dynamic particle-fluid interaction. As bed void fraction decreases, linear velocity increases thus increasing dynamic heat transfer enhancement. The test case considers a single charge period of one-hour with a HTF mass flow rate of 720 kg/s and the following temperature boundary conditions: Tf (x = 0,t) = 400[C] Ts (x,t = 0) = 300[C] Table 6.2 Storage System Test Case Parameters based on Solar One* [6.3.13] [6.3.14] Parameter C f Cs ρf ρs h 2400 J/kg-K 1000 J/kg-K 1000 kg/m3 2400 kg/m3 183 w/m2-K To 300 CPDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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