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Figure 6.27 shows both the measured flow rate and estimated flow rate from the report. The implicit model does an excellent job of matching both the slope and penetration depth of the Solar One data using the investigator’s estimated fluid flow rate. The agreement is not as good using the direct flow meter values, but again these values are believed to be 25% high according to the investigators [MDAC, 1986]. Figures 6.28 through 6.30 show only the results for the estimated flow rate. The infinite-NTU, as with the implicit model, predicts the Solar One data very well. The accuracy of the infinite-NTU model in this case is due to the extremely high NTU value of this system, resulting from the tremendous amount of heat transfer surface area provided by the rock-sand bed. NTUfluid is also enhanced by relatively low fluid mass flow rate. The excellent performance of the infinite-NTU model in this discharge test aides the confirmation of the assumption that realistic thermal storage systems will have large values of NTUfluid. The inherent computational advantages of the infinite-NTU model make it the preferred default for the long-term simulation for packed-bed stratified storage systems, like the one built for Solar One. Recall that using the combined fluid- solid capacitance augmentation to the model that neglects fluid capacitance along with the infinite-NTU assumption yields results equivalent to the full infinite-NTU model that considers fluid capacitance. Figures 6.29 and 6.30 show how both the explicit and infinite-NTU models perform when neglecting the thermal capacitance of the fluid (and without making the combined capacitance augmentation). As discussed in section 6.3.4, the failure to consider the thermal capacitance of the fluid results in an overestimate of both the penetration and slope of the thermocline. The net effect is an underestimate of system thermal storage capacity and performance. Comparison with the Solar One discharge data shows that neglecting axial conduction, viscous dissipation and tank shell losses in the numerical models were well-founded assumptions. These observations support the selection of the Schumann model (equations [6.3.2] and [6.3.3]) with the infinite-NTU assumption for simulating the 129PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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