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130 behavior of packed-bed storage systems during charging and discharging. 6.3.6 Long-Term Storage Modeling The model developed in section 6.3.1, the Schumann model, neglects axial conduction and losses to the environment. Neglecting those effects was appropriate for a packed-bed tank during charging or discharging operation as the convective energy transport between the flowing fluid and solid dominates all other energy transfer mechanisms. These assumptions were further confirmed when model predictions were compared with data from Solar One. These same assumptions, however, become inappropriate if the storage tank lies idle (no fluid flow) for long periods of time. In the absence of the dominant fluid energy flow, axial conduction and losses to the surroundings must be considered. In this section a second storage system model is developed for use during long storage system idle periods. Both modeling predictions and data from Solar One suggest that the infinite-NTU assumption is appropriate for packed-bed thermal storage systems. Recognizing the dominance of the fluid-solid interaction in the charge-discharge case invites the treatment of the fluid-solid mass as a continuous medium during idle periods. The validity of this assumption can be considered in terms of resistances to heat transfer. The relevant resistances are: convection between fluid and solid, axial conduction through the tank, and losses to the surroundings. Rf−s = 1 (2k /d )A [6.3.41] [6.3.42] [6.3.43] f Raxial conduction p total Rlosses = 1 = L kA eff c hA+hA+hA loss , w w loss ,bot bot loss ,top top where Rlosses includes losses from the walls, top and bottom of the tank. The individual loss coefficients were estimated at 1 W/m2-K (for typical system losses see section 6.3.7). Raxial conduction is computing using the effective packed-bed thermal conductivity calculatedPDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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