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1 Normal 2 Full 3 Empty Storage mode 3 bypasses the built-in control strategies. This mode allows Type 994 to be used with control strategies or in simulations developed by the user. In Storage mode 3, Type 994 is used by dictating mass-flow inputs similar to Type 10. If m&in,top is positive, charging is modeled. If m&in,bottom is positive, discharging is modeled. If both input mass flows are zero, then long-term idle operation is modeled. Take care that both input mass flows are not greater than zero; this will result in an error. Built-in Control Strategies When operating in Storage_Mode 1, the built-in control strategies are used. The built-in control strategies were developed specifically for simulating parabolic-trough solar- thermal powerplants. Two general control strategies included, each designed around a commonly proposed utility pricing structure. The first pricing structure is variable, or real-time, pricing where the price of electricity is a function of grid demand. The second structure is fixed-rate pricing. The Rate_Mode parameter is used to select the rate schedule being considered: Rate Mode 1 Variable Pricing 2 Fixed-Rate Pricing Figures B.5 and B.6 show flow diagrams corresponding to the strategies for each pricing structure. The variable price control strategy is designed to maximize output during the peak-rate period. The fixed-rate price control strategy is designed to maintain a constant output over a longer period, maximizing overall powerplant efficiency and capacity. Both control strategies are driven first by the input from the solar field. In the absence of positive flow from the solar field, the Type 994 goes into idle mode. If there is positive heat transfer fluid flow from the solar field, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is then evaluated. If the flow is greater than or equal to the temperature deemed sufficient for charging (T_min_charge) then the storage system enters “charge mode.” If not, it enters “discharge mode.” Discharge mode is the same for both control strategies, the tank discharges at a pre-determined rate ( m& discharge ) until its charge has been exhausted (T_out_top < T_min_discharge). “Charge mode” operation is different for each control strategy. In variable-price mode (Rate_Mode =1) there is accommodation for a “peak” period where the price for electricity is high. This strategy is built around focusing plant output over a relatively short time-band where plant output is much more valuable. During peak periods all resources (solar field flow and storage) are simultaneously focused on power 169PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Solar-Thermal Powerplants
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