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Passive Heat Recovery Strategies (For temperatures greater than 200oF) An investigation of heat recovery opportunities should first consider ways to reduce the quantity of waste heat that is produced by improving the efficiency of the process. Next consider passive strategies, which often have lower installation costs and generally are simpler to implement and maintain than active heat recovery strategies. Importantly, passive heat recovery strategies often can be used in conjunction with active strategies. For example, if a heat exchanger precedes a heat pump in recovering heat from an exhaust stream, the heat pump can be smaller, and so will consume less energy and require a lower first cost to achieve the same temperature rise. Another example is heat recovery downstream of a CHP turbine. Consider passive heat recovery strategies for waste heat temperatures greater than about 200oF. Examples of passive heat recovery are: • Preheating boiler make-up water using a feedwater economizer • Preheating the supply air into a process such as a food dryer by passing its supply air and exhaust through an air-to-air heat exchanger • Preheating combustion air • Using the flue gases from a furnace or dryer to preheat the load entering it • Using waste heat from a process to meet other in-plant needs such as space heating, water heating, recharging the media in desiccant dehumidification, or providing heat to other lower temperature processes Industrial Closed-Cycle Mechanical Heat Pumps (For temperatures less than 200oF) Industrial closed-cycle mechanical heat pumps mechanically compress a refrigerant to heat the supply air or water of a process to a temperature greater than the temperature of the waste heat source (i.e., achieve a temperature lift.) Industrial heat pumps may be used to recover heat from waste streams in a variety of processes such as drying, washing, evaporating, distilling and cooling. Industrial heat pumps can also be used to produce steam and to provide process water heating and cooling. Closed-cycle mechanical heat pumps are suitable for heat recovery from waste heat streams up to about 200oF, depending on the working fluid of the heat pump1. They are particularly suited for moist exhaust streams because they can recover both the heat associated with the waste stream’s temperature (“sensible heat”) and the heat associated with its humidity (“latent heat”). Closed-cycle mechanical heat pumps can achieve a very high coefficient of performance (COP) when the temperature lift is small. In general, heat pumps are most cost effective where they serve simultaneous heating and cooling requirements. 1 The minimum temperature of the heat source also varies depending on the heat pump’s working fluid and can be less than ambient. For example, a heat pump used to serve simultaneous heating and cooling requirements transfers heat from a source at a temperature less than ambient and uses it to meet process or space heating requirements. 3PDF Image | Overview of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Less Than 1000F
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