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Figure 1: U.S. Installed Capacity 2005 – 2012 Source: GEA Today, geothermal power is underutilized for a number of reasons. Federal tax credits, which tend to be modified every few years, are reaching their end dates. For geothermal plants with long lead times, the legislative uncertainty means the effects of the incentive are diminished. At the state level, there is a failure to recognize the system values of geothermal power and a misconception that geothermal energy can only provide base-load service. On the contrary, geothermal energy can provide both firm and flexible power with almost no system integration costs. 5 While renewable energy procurement practices tend to compare renewable energy resource alternatives against one another on a cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) basis without considering the full range of system costs that competing technologies offer, the lack of uniformity among geothermal plants is actually a strength, because geothermal projects can provide the highest value of service tailored to the operating environment and operational needs of the market. Geothermal energy offers significant benefits in addition to a competitive cost per kilowatt-hour.6 Geothermal Technology The breadth of geothermal plant designs, which vary based on resource temperature and chemistry, operational needs, and other factors can sometimes blur the lines between geothermal plant categories. There are three main types of geothermal plants: dry-steam, binary, and flash. Technological advances in geothermal plants to utilize different types of geothermal resources are on the horizon as Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) and Small Power or Co-production systems develop their market and technology potential. Flash Power Plant In a geothermal flash power plant, high-pressure and high- temperate geothermal water separates into steam and water as it rises from underground and pressure drops. The steam and liquid are separated in 5 Linvill et al. 2013 6 Ibid. 5PDF Image | Promoting Geothermal Energy
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