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Step 6 Market Values of Emissions Allocations CO2 [$/tonne] SO2 [$/tonne] N2O [$/tonne] CH4 [$/tonne] PM2.5 [$/tonne] PM10 [$/tonne] Source Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High (NRC 2010) (Tol 2008) (Muller et al. 2007) (Marten & Newbold 2011) GEA Choice of Price Market Price Adjusted for Inflation 5262 5262 8618 8618 417 417 23 25 816 1361 272 272 9 52 3500 20000 370 1100 23 816 272 370 8618 417 27 906 303 410 9569 463 PM Natural Gas Prices (NRC 2010) Natural Gas Price Natural Gas Price adjusted for Inflation 29030 1542 32242 1713 Step 7 Externality Benefit of Geothermal Power Production Natural Gas Coal Dry Steam Flash Binary Dry Steam Flash Binary CO2 SO2 N2O CH4 PM2.5 PM10 Estimated Total Cost by Tech. & Fossil Fuel [$] Estimated Total Cost by Fossil Fuel [$] Externality Cost per kWh [$/MWh] Externality Cost per kWh [$/kWh] $68,436,851 $24,494,303 $37,555,225 $182,765,864 $95,037,737 $95,935,997 $11,868 -$617,419 $6,356 $54,285,822 $32,870,766 $27,720,715 $1,622 $1,000 $829 $35,505 $21,907 $18,130 $21,961 $13,546 $11,216 $330,403 $203,861 $168,718 $11,327,590 $6,989,364 $5,784,301 $18,032,236 $11,126,273 $9,207,950 $656,540 $405,099 $335,255 $1,065,021 $657,141 $543,841 $80,456,433 $31,285,894 $43,693,181 $256,514,851 $139,917,684 $133,595,352 $155,435,507 $530,027,886 10 35 0.0104 0.0354 References California Energy Commission (CEC). 2013. “Total Electricity System Power.” Accessed March 21st, 2013. http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/electricity/total_system_power.html California Air Resource Board (CARB). 2012. “Mandatory GHG Reporting - Reported Emissions.” Accessed March 19th, 2013. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/reporting/ghg-rep/reported_data/ghg- reports.htm#registering_specified Climate Registry.org. 2012. “U.S. Default Factors for Calculating CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel and Biomass Combustion.” http://www.theclimateregistry.org/downloads/2012/01/2012-Climate- Registry-Default-Emissions-Factors.pdf Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2013a. “Electric Power Annual: By Energy Source All Sectors.” Washington DC: EIA. Accessed March 2nd, 2013. http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data.cfm _____. 2013b. “Electric Power Annual: Other Renewable Sectors.” Washington DC: EIA. Accessed March 2nd, 2013. http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data.cfm _____. 2013c. “Electric Power Annual: Sulfur Dioxide Uncontrolled Emissions Factors.” Washington DC: EIA. Accessed March 2nd, 2013. http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/er/index.cfm 17PDF Image | Promoting Geothermal Energy
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