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According to the Edison Electric Institute, the three major causes of turbine failure are the following: 1. Solid particle erosion (from steam generator tube exfoliation). . 2. Water induction (through feedwater extraction lines) 3. Corrosion (from water impurities). The problem of water induction can largely be overcome by placing check valves in the feedwater extraction lines, and by isolating the turbine from the steam generator during startup asd shutdown. The other two problems are related principally to material selection and water quality control. Both Babcock and Wilcox and Combustion Engineering recommend the use of a demineralizer system for use with the once-through type steam generators likeli-to be used for solar electric power generation. A deep bed of hydrogen or amnonium cations is used toremoveionizedsolidsfromthesystem. Thismethodofwater quality control is also known as condensate polishing. SYSTEM CONTROL AND POWER OUTPUT To achieve the most cost effective solar electric power system, a configuration and operating method must be devised which derives the optimum power output from a fixed collector field. A key design feature of any system is the optimum value for this ratio: - Powerplant Nameplate Rating Solar Receiver Design Output First order effects on the above ratio come from the following: 1. Average system load 2. Le3gth of the operating period 3. Collector output vs. time of day 4. Power conversion system efficiency vs. output. It is beyond the scope of this study tn provide detailed analysis of the above design problem, which will dictate the control strat- egytobeused. However,somebasicsystemswereinvestigatedto illustrate the interaction of the above factors. To analyze the R ratio above, the energy requirements of the total solar electric powerplant must be known. A study contained in Reference 4 estimated the plant auxiliary power, exclusive of that required by the PCS, to be approximately 4 percent of the plant nameplate rating. The plant auxiliary power should remain relativelyconstantandindependentofPCSoutput. PCSandplant performancevs.loadareshowninFigure38. NotethatinFigure3P. the full load efficiency of the PCS and the plant has been set equal to100percent. Thus,thecurvesshownrepresentthereteofdegrada- tion of performance. R- 24PDF Image | Radial Outflow Turbine for Solar Steam Rankine Engines
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