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1. The heat engine efficiency is important since heat engine thermal requirements directly in- fluence both the number of collectors (generally, the highest cost subsy8tem) and the amount of heat storage required for a given quantityofequivalent mechanicalorelectrical energy. The col- lector efficiency is important in that it determines how many collectors are required to collect the thermal energy required by the heat engine. Unfortunately, the collector and engine subsystems have conflicting requirements for high efficiency, as sketched in Figure 6. The figure indicates that we have engine efficiency increasing with peak cycle temperature or average heat addition tem- perature while just the opposite is true for the collectors. Thus, the overall system efficiency. which in a simplified analysis can be considered as the product of the engine and collector efficien- cies, will exhibit some optimum value for operating temperature. Combined collector-engine sys- I tem cost will likewise exhibit a similar characteristic. Asmentioned earlier, the solar energy will be extracted from the collectors, stored, and be given up to the heat engine using the sensible heat of a heat transfer fluid. Figure 7 indicates how the heat is transferred to the Rankine cycle working fluid by the heat transfer (storage) fluid. A high storage fluid temperature drop (AT) re- quires a smaller mass of sensible heat storage (with correspondingly lower storage cost) and less collector pump work, and it also improves collector efficiency by lowering the return temperature and thus the average temperature of the collectors. However, the engine cycle efficiency will suf- fer since the average heat addition temperature is lowered by the higher btorage fluid AT as shown in Figure 8. * .- The system parameters eventually chosen for the Sandia prototype were a design storage temperature AT of 115'F which results in approximately 125'F of superheat in the Rankine cycle working fluid (toluene) loop. These values appeared to offer a reasonable compromise between amount of storage capacity and collector field size for experimental purposes. c Figure 6. Upper Operating Temperature Efficiency vs. Upper Operating Temperature 11PDF Image | RANKINE CYCLE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR LOW AND INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SENSIBLE HEAT SOURCES
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