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322 R. Saidur et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 310–323 13. Recommendations for future work The heat transfer results show that nanofluids have significant potential for improving the flow boiling heat transfer of refriger- ant/lubricant mixtures. However, the reasons behind this marked improvement with nanoparticle volume fractions at different concentrations are not clearly understood. It is unclear why a large increase in heat transfer is observed with an insignificant increase in pressure. Moreover, obvious challenges with particle circulation and unknown effects on the compressor of an air conditioning or refrigeration system have not been addressed. Nevertheless, the present findings are compelling and further research should be undertaken [81]. Future research is required to investigate the influence of the particle material, its shape, size, distribution, and concentration on refrigerant boiling performance. 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