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Tools for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis and the Cycle’s Applicability to Sodium Fast Reactors By Alexander R. Ludington Submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering on May 8, 2009 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering Abstract The Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) and the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (S-CO2) Recompression cycle are two technologies that have the potential to impact the power generation landscape of the future. In order for their implementation to be successful, they must compete economically with existing light water reactors and the conventional Rankine cycle. Improvements in efficiency, while maintaining safety and proliferation goals, will allow the SFR to better compete in the electricity generation market. These improvements will depend on core design as well as the balance of plant, including the choice of steam or CO2 as the working fluid. This work has developed some of the tools necessary for evaluating different design core and balance of plant options. Much of it has concentrated on the S-CO2 Recompression cycle. S-CO2 promises to be useful as a working fluid in high-efficiency power conversion systems for SFRs because it achieves higher efficiencies at the high temperatures associated with SFRs. The recompression cycle is capable of operating with very high efficiencies due to the low compressor work needed when CO2 approaches its critical point at the compressor inlet. The potential of this cycle to meet the needs of next-generation plants must be investigated across the entire range of operations and within each component of the system. A steady-state code for analysis of the recompression cycle was previously developed at MIT in the form of CYCLES II, but the present work has made significant improvements to this code that make the new version, CYCLES III, more versatile. This code can help to size components of the system and predict the costs and performance of the system at steady-state. Coupling of the primary and secondary loops is a major concern, the construction of the intermediate loop and associated heat exchangers (IHX) being critical to cost, efficiency, and safety. Furthermore, there is little experience in industry with large-scale compressors for S-CO2. The experience that has been gained is typically proprietary. Most existing CO2 compressors do not operate near the critical point and therefore, perform much like any other semi-ideal gas compressor. Accordingly, consistent, usable models of non-ideal gas compressors have been developed in the present work to produce preliminary designs and performance maps for the compressors in S-CO2 3PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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