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1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation There are four primary objectives in this research. The first objective is to update the CYCLES II code with the abilities to model a system running on any fluid available in the NIST database and to model either simple or recompression cycles. The code should also be as user- friendly as possible owing to the fact that it may be used by many students who will have to become familiar with it in a short period of time. Its applicability as a research tool will be enhanced to include any simple Brayton cycle and more flexible investigations of the recompression cycle. The second objective is to develop models for single and multi-stage centrifugal CO2 compressors using a user-friendly computer code which will be developed as part of this research. The code will fill in gaps in MIT’s capability to model turbomachinery performance and will enable transient models of the recompression cycle to more accurately incorporate compressor performance. The third objective is to perform a preliminary investigation of the intermediate loop and heat exchangers (IHX) that might be used in an SFR. This investigation will focus on cost, size, and efficiency. Fourth, the investigation will look into the range of options for increasing the efficiency of the SFR. All of these objectives will enhance the work being done on Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors and the S-CO2 Power Conversion Systems that might be used as a balance of plant in a number of next-generation power reactors including the SFR. This study will compare heat exchangers, and power cycles based on an assumed thermal power of 250 MW, modeled after the thermal power of a single loop in the ABR-1000. S-CO2 recompression cycles and their associated compressors are modeled on an assumed cycle thermal power of 500 MW. This value was selected because compressors become difficult to design for an operating speed of 3600 RPM in smaller power systems and two heat exchanger loops could be coupled to a single turbomachinery train. The operating speed of 3600 RPM is selected in order to synchronize the cycle to the electric grid. These restrictions on compressor design are discussed further in Chapter 3. 1.2 Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Background Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors have been operated in the United States since EBR-1 in 1951 [IAEA, 2006]. They are currently of interest as a means to manage actinides from LWR spent fuel. The SFR is assumed to be one of two types: a pool design in which the primary sodium flows from a lower cold pool up through the core and into an upper hot pool, or a loop design in which the primary sodium exits the reactor vessel and flows through a heat exchanger, 14PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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