Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-analysis )

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returning in a cold leg to the core inlet. The primary intermediate heat exchanger, which transfers heat from radioactive primary sodium to clean intermediate sodium, is located within the reactor vessel in a pool design, and outside the vessel in the loop design. The pool design essentially eliminates the loss of coolant accident (LOCA) sequence, while the loop design reduces the amount of primary coolant and saves capital cost by reducing the size of the vessel. Figure 1.1 schematically shows the pool-type design option. The P-IHX is located within the vessel, whereas a loop-type design would require pumping primary sodium through primary piping to a P-IHX outside the vessel. Both designs employ an intermediate sodium loop which serves as a buffer between the radioactive primary coolant and the power conversion system (PCS). Figure 1.1: Arrangement of the primary IHX in a pool-type SFR. Primary sodium flows downward through the P-IHX and into the cold pool. Primary pumps located within the cold pool pump the sodium back up through the core. In this way the hot and cold pools are separated by what is called a redan. With the intermediate loop present, steam generator leaks will not release any activated sodium and will constitute less of a safety risk. SFRs operate with core outlet temperatures up to 575 oC, as in the BN-1800 design [IAEA, 2006]. They typically have a temperature rise across the core of less than 200 oC which makes them well suited for the S-CO2 recompression cycle because it is so highly recuperative. Fuels can be metal or oxide and SFR cores can be designed with conversion ratios from 0 to 1, or above. The advantages of SFRs are the excellent heat transfer characteristics of sodium, excellent material performance in a sodium environment, and high temperatures. Large-scale SFRs have been operated around the world with varying success. 15

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