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1.3 S-CO2 Recompression Cycle Background Increasing cycle efficiency and reducing capital costs are the best ways to reduce electricity costs in the nuclear power industry. There is great interest in new balance of plant options that maximize efficiency while reducing plant capital costs. Closed Brayton cycles are simple and compact and can achieve very high efficiencies at the proper conditions. The most interesting of these is the supercritical CO2 recompression cycle. Much of this thesis is devoted to the S-CO2 recompression cycle because it is so promising for applications with core outlet temperatures above 500 oC. Other Brayton cycles, like the helium Brayton cycle, achieve very high efficiencies at much higher temperatures. These high temperatures, however, are much more challenging to materials than the S-CO2 recompression cycle. S-CO2 recompression cycles have been investigated at MIT for several years, beginning in 2000 [Dostal, 2004]. The use of CO2 as a working fluid in power conversion systems has enjoyed success in British gas-cooled reactors (GCR) and has been studied by since the 1960’s [Dostal, 2004], but the operating range of industry experience has not produced much data in the supercritical regime. The recompression cycle has significant advantages over other cycles, and especially over other Brayton cycles for turbine inlet temperatures above 490 oC. The ability of the S-CO2 cycle to reach high efficiency comes from the reduced compressor work as the compressor inlet conditions approach the critical point of CO2. The density of the fluid increases dramatically, as shown in Figure 1.2. The increased density close to the critical point reduces the compressor work. 16PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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