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tool in his Ph.D. work [Dostal, 2004]. The original CYCLES included no piping losses and only performed calculations for the recompression cycle. Subsequent improvements by Pavel Hejzlar and David Legault [Legault, 2006] improved the code to include pipe modeling, and a much more readable, user-friendly structure and variable nomenclature. Legault’s improvements made the code much more accessible to new users because the variable names are very logically constructed. Legault named his code CYCLES II, but the code still only performed recompression cycle calculations. The simple, recuperative Brayton cycle is typically used in the nuclear power industry with helium as the working fluid, and can reach efficiencies superior to LWRs. High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) can reach efficiencies of 43-48 % and the Modular Pebble Bed Reactor (MPBR) is expected to reach efficiencies approaching 45 % [Wang, 2003]. The ability to model the simple cycle is included in CYCLES III, as a comparison with the recompression cycle and so that the code is useful for more applications. The main improvements in CYCLES II were the inclusion of a detailed pipe model and the consolidation of the input and output files. Figure 2.5 shows the numbering scheme applied to the pipe paths in CYCLES III for the recompression cycle. 9-------->-------9 || | 1--<--PRE-10-| | | 11 7--->----7 |\/\/ ^| ||||| | MCOMP=========RECOMP===========TURBINE | || 12 | | ^| \/ ^ | |\/ | 6 | | | 3--->-3----4->---4 | | ||||^| | 2-->-LTR<--<---8---<--HTR->-5>-IHX | |||| ||^| |||| | | 7------<----------7 9----<----9 Figure 2.5: Pipe paths in the Recompression Cycle of CYCLES III Each of the twelve paths shown in Figure 2.5 has detailed information about the dimensions of the pipes, to allow for the effect of pressure drop on efficiency. Legault was able to show, with Hejzlar’s detailed pipe model, that the pressure drops within pipes and plena were important to the efficiency of the cycle [Legault, 2006]. Piping losses can reduce the efficiency of the plant by as much as 2.0 %, depending on the design of the piping. Consolidating the 26PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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