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Another change to CYCLES III was the inclusion of form losses at each compressor outlet. These losses are due to the throttles required in a real design for controllability. In TSCYCO, the controllers can be tuned to provide adequate controllability, but throttles must be partially closed in steady state operation. The losses associated with partially closed throttles can be represented in CYCLES III by the form loss coefficients Kmc and Krc for the main and recompressing compressors respectively. 2.3 The Ethane Cycle The increased capabilities of CYCLES III allowed modeling of a simple recuperative ethane cycle, to determine if it could be cost competitive for electricity production. Hejzlar and Driscoll noted that the critical point of ethane makes it appealing for use in power cycles, due to the advantage of the low compressor work as in the S-CO2 cycle [Driscoll and Hejzlar, 2007]. Ethane dissociates at high temperatures into myriad hydrocarbons. The dominant dissociation reactions are πΆ2π»6 β2πΆπ»3 πΆπ»3 + πΆ2π»6 β πΆπ»4 + πΆ2π»5 2πΆ2π»5 β 2πΆ2π»4 + π»2 Eqn.2-4 Eqn. 2-5 Eqn. 2-6 producing methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), and hydrogen as major constituents of the dissociated mixture [Perez, 2008]. Other reactions result in the presence of propylene (C3H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10), though to lesser, but still not well known, degrees. The critical points of methane and ethylene are such that they hurt the efficiency of the ethane cycle. High pressures suppress the dissociation, so it is difficult to determine the extent to which dissociation will occur. Table 2-1 shows the critical points of pure ethane (C2H6), methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), and the dissociated mixture. The mixture is expected to undergo very high dissociation at PCS temperatures. For example, the equilibrium concentration of ethane after temperature has been increased to ~700 K is only ~55 % at 20 MPa [Perez, 2008]. 34PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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