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compression as the mole fraction of helium is increased, but the decrease in the work of the recompressing compressor is more than offset by the increase in work of the main compressor. It is evident that helium has a detrimental effect on the efficiency of the S-CO2 recompression cycle. A level of 0.5 mole % helium degrades the efficiency of the representative plant by about 1.0 %. If the cooling water temperature could be decreased commensurate with the critical point, efficiency could be maintained, but that is only realistic to a point and only in colder latitudes. 2.4.2 Air Impurities Other inevitable impurities will exist, air being the most likely. However, the critical point of helium is so low that if it is present, helium’s effects will dominate and any efficiency penalty due to air will be negligible in comparison. It can be assumed that CO2 used in any operating cycle will be relatively pure, but some air will be present. Unless the fraction of air impurities becomes high, it is expected that little to no effect on efficiency will be observed. Figure 2.13 shows the effect of air impurities on the net cycle efficiency. 42 41.5 41 40.5 40 39.5 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 Mole Fraction of Air Figure 2.13: The effect of air impurity on the S-CO2 cycle. The mole fraction of air in commercially available CO2 can be 0.001 or even lower. The effect of air on the cycle is not detrimental at the concentrations expected. Air has no effect on the cycle performance, up to 0.0035 mole fraction and a small negative impact up to mole fractions of about 0.006. These air concentrations are well above the expected range of air impurities because commercially available CO2 has purities of 99.8 % and above [Freas, 2007]. Even at an air mole fraction of 0.010, the efficiency penalty is still just 1.05 40 Net Cycle Efficiency (%)PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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