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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-analysis )

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pressure ratio curve is zero. An operator will likely find that the surge line in RGRC occurs at higher mass flows than the zero slope condition, due to the many conditions that the code will identify as surge/stall. These conditions are believed to be conservative estimates because none of these criteria has been seen to be sufficient to predict surge in experiments. Figure 3.4: Example compressor performance map showing the relationship between the surge points for different speeds (in % of design speed) in a typical centrifugal compressor. At high mass flow rates, regions of the flow will become supersonic, resulting in severely deteriorating performance at high mass flow rates. Choke is assumed to occur when the ratio of the core flow velocity is greater than 90 % of the critical velocity. A note should be made about calculating the critical velocity. The critical velocity will always be different than the speed of sound and will always be smaller. Critical velocity is defined as the velocity that must be chosen to achieve supersonic flow for a constant value of stagnation enthalpy. Critical velocity is therefore a function of stagnation enthalpy whereas the speed of sound is a function of static enthalpy. Appendix B discusses the development of the critical velocity database. At each point in the calculation of compressor performance, the core flow velocity is compared to the critical velocity to test for choke. The Euler turbomachinery equation describes the fundamental cause of pressure rise in a compressor. By imparting rotation to the fluid, the total enthalpy of the fluid is increased. The rise in static enthalpy through the impeller is given by [Cumpsty, 2004] 𝑕2,𝑠𝑡 − 𝑕1,𝑠𝑡 = 12 𝑈2 − 𝑈12 + 𝑊12 − 𝑊22 Eqn. 3-4 49

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