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Roughness becomes important at Reynolds numbers greater than Res, which is defined in terms of the constant πΆπ and the surface roughness. 1,100 π/π β0.4 π ππ = πΆ π π ππ = 1,100 π/π β 6π₯106 Leakage Loss is defined as a total work addition, given by πΌπΏπππ = ππΆπΏππΆπΏ 2π2π Eqn.3-45 Eqn. 3-46 Eqn. 3-47 where ππΆπΏ is the same clearance flow velocity used in the clearance loss calculation and ππΆπΏ is the leakage mass flow rate also required in the clearance loss calculation. Disk friction, recirculation, and leakage loss are calculated as additional work inputs to the system. All other losses are calculated as fractional pressure drops. Once all the pressure drops are known, they are summed and the fluid pressure at the impeller outlet is calculated. The loss of pressure corresponds to a loss in fluid enthalpy, which is calculated using the fluid property subroutines. Once the losses are calculated, the entropy of the fluid is updated, by making the approximation that the increase in entropy is given by ππ = ππ Eqn. 3-48 π where dh is the loss in enthalpy and T is the static temperature of the fluid at the impeller inlet. This approximation results is based on only about a 10 % change in temperature through the compressor stage, so as long as the losses are accurate, the change in entropy should be within 10 % of the correct value. Since the increase in entropy is small compared to the absolute value of the entropy (less than 3 %) the approximation produces very small errors in the state-point of the compressor outlet. The impeller efficiency is determined from all of the actual energy input to the fluid over the total energy input. Impeller efficiency is given by 66PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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