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The most important factors in the efficiency of SFRs are therefore: 1. Core outlet temperature 2. Heat Exchanger Design 3. PCS efficiency 4. Total System Pump work These four items will be evaluated in Chapter 5, but in order to do so, some tools need to be developed. These include heat exchanger models for both the P-IHX and the S-IHX, models of the achievable efficiencies for Rankine, supercritical steam, and S-CO2 cycles, and a discussion of the likely range of achievable core outlet temperatures. With these important considerations in mind, the task of expanding the modeling capability was undertaken. The major goals were to: 1. Develop a shell-and-tube code to model sodium-sodium or sodium-CO2 heat exchangers 2. Develop a straight tube shell-and-tube steam generator model 3. Develop a PCHE model for sodium-sodium heat exchangers 4. Develop a PCHE model for a sodium-water steam generator 5. Model the intermediate heat exchanger pressure drops to determine pumping power 6. Show that heat lost through insulated intermediate loop piping is negligible First, simple calculations of pumping power and heat lost through intermediate piping are performed. Then, descriptions of the more involved calculations are included in later sections. Sodium properties are calculated using correlations from a study of sodium at Argonne National Laboratory [Fink and Leibowitz, 1995]. 4.1.2 Heat Losses in Intermediate Piping and Pumping Power of an SFR The heat lost in the intermediate loop piping is negligible in an SFR. This can be shown by performing some simple calculations based on convective heat transfer from the sodium flow to the air outside. The temperature changes in the sodium flow are negligible in the intermediate loop, allowing the system to be modeled as though temperatures are identical at positions 2 and 3 and at positions 1 and 4 shown in Figure 4.1. This can be shown by assuming a constant linear heat rate in the sodium piping from 2 to 3. If the ambient air is at a temperature of around 300 K and the sodium is in the range of typical SFR temperatures, then the temperature difference from the sodium to the air will be ~450 oC. The linear heat rate will be given by 83PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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