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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-analysis )

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effect on plant damage states is important to determining whether a design configuration is acceptable. Efficiency improvements may be outweighed by increased risk. Eliminating the intermediate loop is a much more feasible option in loop designs for SFRs. One reason is the required heat transfer area of intermediate heat exchangers and the core dimensions of SFRs. SFRs are generally short, squat cores due to the requirement to avoid designing a core with too high of a coolant void worth [Wigeland et al., 1994]. For that reason, the vertical temperature change from core inlet to core outlet in a pool reactor will only span about 5.0 m, the height of the core. Large heat transfer areas would require tall heat exchangers unless the reactor vessel can be substantially enlarged radially. Either way, inclusion of a steam generator inside a pool reactor vessel would require substantial enlargement of the vessel in height or diameter or both. Also, the safety consequences of eliminating the intermediate loop in a pool design are such that the design is not likely to be licensable. Loop designs allow for the use of a taller P-IHX and do not include the hazard of a large secondary coolant blowdown within the reactor vessel. Further discussion of this option is included in Chapter 5, as the different configuration options are examined. 4.4 PCHE versus Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers In order to compare design options with different combinations of heat exchanger designs, a method for modeling heat exchanger performance was necessary. MIT’s in-house PCHE code models printed circuit heat exchangers. It was written by Pavel Hejzlar [Hejzlar et al., 2007]. A flexible model of shell-and-tube heat exchangers was needed to provide a first estimate of the size of these heat exchangers. A Fortran code named SoSaT (Sodium Shell and Tube) was written to accomplish this, so that different types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers could be analyzed in a short period of time. When this project was undertaken, however, the PCHE codes had the following capabilities: Sodium to gas hybrid heat exchangers Sodium to gas direct PCHE Gas to gas direct PCHE Water to Water Two Phase PCHE [Shirvan, 2009] Additions were made to the list of capabilities such that these codes can now model: Sodium to Sodium direct PCHE Sodium to Water Two Phase Hybrid PCHE 90

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