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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-analysis )

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condition of the experiment performed by Kubo et al., reveals that the gap is behaving almost exactly as a stagnant gas thermal resistance. REFPROP determines the conductivity to be 274.01 mW/mK. SoSaT will calculate the ASME required thickness of tubes based on the material chosen, the operating temperature, and the internal pressure based on Eqn. 2-1. The allowable stress intensity for each material is interpolated from ASME Code tabulated values assuming a temperature equal to the hot side inlet temperature [ASME, 2007]. These calculations are contained in the subroutines MATPROP and GEOMETRY. For single phase fluids, the heat transfer coefficients, tube conductivity and dimensions are then used in the subroutine EFFECTIVE to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and NTU. Then the effectiveness is calculated and outlet temperatures are based on the effectiveness. The process is continued by iterating the outlet temperatures of each fluid until convergence. The NTU method is not used in steam generators because the heat transfer coefficients and fluid properties vary widely through different boiling regimes. Therefore, SoSaT is really two codes which share common inputs and outputs. The calculation method is totally different for boiling water than it is when both fluids are single phase. Modern steam cycles employ ever-increasing system pressures as a means of increasing cycle efficiency. Substantial efficiency gains can be achieved by raising steam pressures, even above the critical pressure of 22.06 MPa [MIT, 2007]. Therefore, it is assumed that Generation IV reactors operating on a steam cycle will have system pressures considerably higher than those of current LWR steam cycles. Modeling the heat transfer within high pressure steam generators requires the use of appropriate experimental correlations for the heat transfer coefficients within different boiling regimes. The boiling process, as modeled by SoSaT is summarized in Figure 4.4. 95

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