Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-analysis )

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4.4.2 Expanding the Capabilities of the PCHE Codes The PCHE codes needed to have a hybrid steam generator model and a sodium-to- sodium model added. Creating a sodium-to-sodium PCHE model was very simple. The existing PCHE code with no helium plate was altered by taking the primary sodium properties and applying them to the secondary side as well. The task was almost trivial. Creating a steam generator model for the PCHE was more difficult. The original hybrid code was altered by including a new heat transfer subroutine and CHF calculations. The heat transfer subroutine was modified from Shirvan [2009] to include the same high pressure correlations as SoSaT. One challenge with the PCHE code was dealing with convergence. The code operates by calculating the heat transfer coefficient of each fluid at its average temperature. This heat transfer coefficient is then used to make a rough judgment of the size of the heat exchanger, and therefore the size of each node. The wide variation in boiling water heat transfer coefficient meant that the initial guess was far from correct and the code’s node length was too long. The result was that the code stepped beyond the desired power of the heat exchanger and crashed. Resolving this error by stopping calculations once the desired power is reached allowed the code to run smoothly. 4.5 Benchmarking Heat Exchanger Codes There are not enough data available to benchmark PCHE code results, but the shell-and- tube design has been used in many reactor designs. For S-CO2 heat exchangers, the Flexible Conversion ratio Reactor (FCR) IHX was used as a case for comparison. The FCR is a lead- cooled reactor with S-CO2 power conversion system. It uses kidney shaped IHXs, so for comparison, the geometry of the tube array and the total number of tubes was retained from the FCR analysis. The comparison between the FCR IHX and that produced by SoSaT is included in Table 4.6. Also included are benchmark designs for a shell-and-tube P-IHX from the ABR- 1000 design, and a shell-and-tube steam generator from the JSFR design. 100

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