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are up to 38.5 MPa and 700-720 oC. Supercritical CO2 cycles are promising for any high temperature application. All of these technologies could be options for the SFRs of the future, but they will inevitably produce different cycle efficiencies. The trend in conventional power technology is to use steam cycles of ever-increasing pressures because cycle efficiency improves with increased pressure, as shown in Figure 4.6. These data were developed using a standard commercial steam cycle model with a high and a low pressure turbine and four reheat stages. The feedwater temperature is maintained constant at 216 oC, as per the ABR-1000 reference case. Cooling water is at 20 oC. The data were obtained using STEAM PRO 16, steam cycle modeling software from Thermoflow, Inc. [Thermoflow, 2008]. 41.5 41 40.5 40 39.5 39 14.5 MPa 15.5 MPa 16.5 MPa 440 460 480 500 520 540 Turbine Inlet Temperature (oC) Figure 4.6: Rankine Cycle efficiency as a function of temperature and pressure The S-CO2 cycle has already been discussed in detail in Chapter 2. It can achieve very high efficiencies and is compact. The S-CO2 recompression cycle will be one of the options considered in Chapter 5. The supercritical water cycle shows promise for the future. Corrosion is an issue in a supercritical water environment, but efficiency gains can be realized. A good model of the supercritical water cycle was not available in this research, but gains over conventional Rankine cycles can be estimated based on running the Thermoflow software with a pressure just below critical. STEAM PRO 16 can run at pressures up to 22.0 MPa, and a 1 MPa increase over this value will not result in a very large efficiency increase. Using SoSaT and the PCHE codes, the ultimate turbine inlet temperature can be determined, based on limitations on heat exchanger size which are discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 5 details the calculation of cycle efficiencies for a wide range of balance of plant configurations. 102 Cycle Efficiency (%)PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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