PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 005
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Supercritical CO2 5 Fig. 1.4 Relative environmental impact of four dry cleaning technologies on a system level [35]. education in order to cope with future challenges. Moreover, new methodologies and design tools are being developed to implement the theme of sustainability in the conceptual process design of chemical process innovation, as illustrated in Fig. 1.4 [28]. Closely related to sustainability is the term green chemistry, which is defined as the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or gen- eration of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and applications of chemical products [6, 29, 30]. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) has been shown to be a useful tool to identify the more sustainable products and processes [31–33], in- cluding an environmental assessment of organic solvents as reported by Hell- weg et al. [34]. The LCA-comparison of four dry cleaning technologies, i.e. based on perchloroethylene (PER), hydrocarbon (HC), wet-cleaning (H2O), and liquid CO2 [35], including a wide range of scientifically-based and known environmen- tal impacts, forms an interesting case study. Based on the tendencies in the re- sults, the wet-cleaning process does not look favorable as compared to the other three technologies (see Fig. 1.4). Various LCA studies emphasize that each spe- cific process has to be considered individually, including analysis on energy con- sumption, emissions, material consumption, risk potential, and toxicity poten- tial [33]. It is impossible to discuss in general whether polymer processes based on supercritical CO2 can be sustainable or not. Nevertheless, it is evident that the chemical process industry has to comply with regulatory issues and more stringent quality demands, which necessitates focusing on green chemistry and green engineering. Therefore, there is an in- creasing demand for innovative products and processes. In the past, polymer re- action engineering (PRE) was strongly based on engineering sciences. Cur- rently, the focus is changing toward an integrated, multidisciplinary approach that is strongly driven by sustainability [36]. In the near future, a changeover will occur from technology-based PRE toward product-inspired PRE, for which it is expected that supercritical technology will play an important role [37]. 1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Supercritical CO2 In 1822, Baron Cagniard de la Tour discovered the critical point of a substance in his famous cannon barrel experiments [38]. Listening to discontinuities in the sound of a rolling flint ball in a sealed cannon, he observed the critical tem-PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Sustainable Polymer Processes
PDF Search Title:
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Sustainable Polymer ProcessesOriginal File Name Searched:
3527310924_c01.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)