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Executive Summary This report presents a relatively new transformational reactor concept that uses supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) as the coolant in a direct cycle gas fast reactor (SC-GFR). The concept is a combination of the CO2-cooled Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) developed and operated in the United Kingdom and the direct cycle Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) concept. The SC-GFR concept is a relatively small (200 MWth) fast reactor that is cooled with CO2 at a pressure of 20 MPa. The CO2 flows out of the reactor vessel at ~650°C directly into a turbine- generator unit to produce electrical power. The thermodynamic cycle that is used for the power conversion is a supercritical gas Brayton cycle with CO2 as the working fluid. With the CO2 gas near the critical point after the heat rejection portion of the cycle, it can be compressed with less power as compared to a standard gas Brayton cycle, thereby allowing for a higher thermal efficiency at the same turbine inlet temperature. A cycle efficiency of 45-50% is theoretically achievable for an optimized configuration. The major advantages of the concept include the following: High thermal efficiency at relatively low reactor outlet temperatures; Compact, cost-effective, power conversion system; Non-flammable, stable, inert, non-toxic, inexpensive, and well-characterized coolant; Potential long-life core and closed fuel cycle; Small void reactivity worth from loss of coolant; Natural convection decay heat removal; and Feasible design using today’s technologies. The goal of this work was to develop a SC-GFR concept and perform scoping analyses, including a review of other similar concepts, to determine concept feasibility, advantages, disadvantages, and issues requiring further investigation. The scoping analyses included parametric thermal hydraulic and burnup analysis to determine core size and fuel pin dimensions, void reactivity worth, and the potential for natural circulation flow for decay heat removal from the reactor core. Overall, the SC-GFR concept as described in this report appears feasible and warrants further study. Additional research is required to determine resolution to important issues regarding the reactor and plant design, fuel burnup lifetime, safety, and economic viability. This report documents the completion of the milestone in the work package “Argonne National Laboratory, MPO 0T-31542” due January 31, 2011. 7PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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