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1. Introduction The current trend in advanced power reactor concepts is to develop right size reactors (RSRs), grid appropriate reactors, and small modular reactors (SMRs) as alternatives to the current status quo, which are large (3000 MWth) light water reactors (LWRs) that will cost several billion dollars and many years to construct and license. Included in these advanced reactor concepts are small LWRs, liquid metal-cooled reactors (LMRs), high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), molten salt-cooled reactors (MSCRs), and others. These advanced reactor concepts will use either a water-Rankine cycle or an advanced Brayton cycle for power conversion. This report presents a relatively new RSR concept that uses supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) as the coolant in a direct cycle gas fast reactor (SC-GFR). The concept is a combination of the CO2 cooled Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) developed and operated in the United Kingdom (UK) (Shropshire, 2004) and the direct cycle Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) concept (GIF, 2002). The SC-GFR concept is presented in this report as a transformational reactor concept for electrical power generation and potential actinide burning. The nuclear reactor concept is a fast reactor that has the potential for a long burnup lifetime and operates as a direct cycle with an S- CO2 power conversion system. The major advantages of the concept include the following: High thermal efficiency at relatively low reactor outlet temperatures; Compact, cost-effective power conversion system; Non-flammable, stable, inert, non-toxic, inexpensive, and well-characterized coolant; Potential long-life core and closed fuel cycle; Small void reactivity worth from loss of coolant; Natural convection decay heat removal; and Feasible design using today’s technologies. The reactor concept and fuel pin design are based largely on the AGR, a UK design which uses CO2 coolant at 4.33 MPa (640 psia) and oxide fuel and stainless-steel cladding in the form of bundled fuel pins. The AGR design, however, is a thermal reactor using a graphite moderator matrix; it does not use a direct cycle and does not use a supercritical fluid. The CO2 coolant circulates within a pressure vessel that contains the reactor, recirculators, and steam generators. The AGR CO2 coolant has a mixed mean exit temperature of 650°C. The AGRs use a water- Rankine cycle that allows for thermal efficiencies of up to 40% (Shropshire, 2004). Although the AGRs and their predecessor Magnox reactors have been largely replaced by LWR technology, approximately fifty-two commercial power-producing reactors of this type have been built and operated throughout the world, and eighteen are still in operation (ANS, 2010). A wealth of information is, therefore, available regarding operational characteristics, safety issues, and the behavior of the fuel, cladding, and coolant. The proposed SC-GFR concept operates at a power level of 200 MWth for 20 years. The direct cycle allows for a direct driven power turbine with no intermediate heat exchangers or recirculators. At a pressure of 20 MPa (3000 psia) and a reactor outlet temperature of 650°C, 9PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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