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thermal efficiencies of 45-50% can be achieved using the S-CO2 cycle. At this operating pressure, the component hardware, including the heat-rejection heat exchanger and turbine, can be made orders of magnitude smaller as compared to a water-Rankine cycle. The rejection heat exchanger and recuperators would use advanced printed-circuit-type units that are compact and have a large surface area for heat transfer per unit volume. Since the reactor is a fast reactor, it can be designed to have high fuel conversion efficiency. Using a 12% enriched U-235 oxide fuel in the initial core loading, a small change in reactivity is calculated for the reactor operating at 200 MW for 20 years. After the core life is expended, the fuel’s value remains high due to the remaining quantity of fissile material, which provides an economic incentive for reprocessing. The fuel would be reprocessed and recycled in subsequent core loadings. The lifetime of the core will ultimately depend on the amount of burnup that can be achieved in the fuel pins without significant leakers or failures. The reactor also maintains a small positive void reactivity worth from loss of coolant, which would only be observed for a major depressurization of the reactor vessel coolant. One key advantage of the S-CO2 direct cycle over a helium Brayton cycle is the capability to develop natural convection flow through the reactor and power conversion flow loop. This capability allows for decay heat removal from the reactor without the compressor operating. The CO2 coolant is non-flammable, stable, inert, non-toxic, inexpensive, and well-characterized. Overall, this concept is feasible using today’s technologies, materials, and fabrication techniques. The concept offers a potential cost-effective alternative to other advanced reactors that have been proposed. Concepts similar to this have been proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Pope, 2004; Handwerk, 2007; Pope, et al., 2009) and the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Kato, et al., 2004). Proposed Work The goal of this work was to develop a SC-GFR concept and perform scoping analyses, including a review of other similar concepts, to determine concept feasibility, advantages, disadvantages, and issues requiring further investigation. The scoping analyses included the following: Review of other reactor systems that are similar to the SC-GFR concept; Review of the S-CO2 cycle analysis; Parametric thermal hydraulic analysis to determine fuel pin dimensions and pitch; k effective and burnup analysis to determine reactor size and potential core lifetime; k effective analysis to determine void reactivity worth; Parametric analysis to determine natural convection flow and decay heat removal capabilities; and Plant layout, relative size of components, and cost effectiveness. The intent of this work was to allow the reader to gain an understanding of the SC-GFR concept and its overall feasibility. Many issues and unknowns have been identified as a result of performing the scoping analysis. These issues will require further study and analyses and are delineated in a separate section of the report. 10PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR)
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